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Ideologies reflect fantasies that are shared by members of a given society. This shared fantasy constitutes the heart and soul of a given culture. The role of the leader role is to “divine” the fantasy and to give it voice. Through his language, the leader invents metaphors that contain and articulate the fantasy.
Ideas put forth by political leaders are orthogonal to truth: do not necessarily bear a relationship to "external" reality. The coin of the realm is fantasy: the leader’s ability to express his fantasies and to induce others to share them. Successful leaders are deeply plugged into the ideological fantasies they put forth. No one was more moved by Hitler’s ideas than Hitler. By virtue of his ability to share his excitement and passion, he evoke a similar experience of excitement and passion within followers.
Ideologies act as a force from above, “pulling” fantasies upward and outward into the world, sequestering energy bound to these fantasies and giving them a place in "reality."
The Nazi revolution was constituted by a collective dream, a dream that many people were having at the same time—a dream powerful enough to give rise to an ideology, a social movement, genocide and war.
Dreaming this dream most deeply, Hitler articulated the Nazi fantasy and brought it forth into the "external" world. To know why Nazism achieved popularity, one poses the question: what was Hitler saying that caused Germans to rise to their feet and shout “Heil Hitler.”
Everything follows from the equation of one’s own body with a body politic. Individuals project their own bodies into the external world. Or shall we say that the idea of the nation is internalized into one's own body so that threats to one's nation are experienced as penetration of one’s own body: anal-rape. Nationalism is a psychosomatic phenomenon.
Nations are defined by boundaries separating self from others. A primary goal of a nation-state is not to be penetration. Fear of being raped. Penetration evokes rage. Hitler insisted that Germany had to “protect its rear” (against the danger of Great Britain invading from the left and Russia from the right). This metaphor confirms my hypothesis that Hitler equated Germany's space with his own "rear," or "ass" as its called (we say that protecting someone from someone is "covering his ass").
Whereas Foucault sees discourse as an independent variable, shaping bodily experience, I understand discourse as a dependent variable, shaped by bodily experience. We project or externalize inner bodily experiences--as well as fantasies and desires and anxieties connected with the body--into the external world. Ideologies and discourse derive their shape and power from these bodily experiences, desires and fantasies.
Josefina Alvarez (2006) states that borders are the very “walls of the edifice of the state, separating inside from outside.” Security discourses “name dangers;” define enemies. As long as an enemy exists, the nation exists. Nations exist to wage a struggle to eliminate or defeat enemies.
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